Fitness & Nutrition News

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fitness 22 hours ago

The influences of mandible-first versus maxilla-first sequencing on postoperative occlusion

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influences of surgical sequencing on the postoperative occlusion in bimaxillary osteotomies. Patients who underwent bimaxillary surgery without maxillary segmentation, based on a virtual surgical plan were enrolled. The primary outcome variable was occlusal shift, defined as the difference between the surgical accuracy of the mandible and maxilla. The primary predictor variable was the sequence of surgery, with secondary predictors including inferior maxillary repositioning, counterclockwise rotation and gender. 145 patients were enrolled, 68% female, mean age 28 years. Mandible-first procedures resulted in occlusion shift within 0.5 mm of the planned position along all axes, whereas maxilla-first procedures were associated with a 0.5 mm posterior mandibular position (p = 0.05). Inferior maxillary repositioning and gender had larger greater influence on the final occlusion compared to surgical sequencing. Male patients exhibited vertical discrepancies < 0.6 mm, while females showed tendency to develop anterior open bite of 1.4–1.6 mm (p < 0.01). Rotation of the occlusal plane had no significant effect on postoperative occlusion. While both sequencing offers clinically acceptable occlusal accuracy, postoperative occlusal shift is more strongly correlated with vertical repositioning and gender-specific factors than the surgical sequence itself.

fitness 22 hours ago

Correlation study of infrapatellar fat pad EI in assessing clinical symptoms of knee osteoarthritis

Infrapatellar fat pad (IPFP) is considered a marker for disease progression in knee osteoarthritis (KOA), but currently no ultrasound parameters effectively quantify abnormal changes in IPFP. To investigate the correlation between clinical symptoms of KOA and semi-quantitative ultrasound scores as well as the echo intensity (EI) of the IPFP, and investigate the correlation between the IPFP EI and knee joint effusion and synovium. This study included 75 patients with primary KOA. Ultrasound semi-quantitative scoring of the knee joint and measurement of IPFP EI were performed. Patients’ Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) scores and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores were assessed. Spearman correlation analysis was used to compare the correlations between these two symptom scores and the ultrasound semi-quantitative score and IPFP EI. The correlation between IPFP EI and joint effusion and synovium was also compared. Ordered logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the factors influencing clinical symptoms of KOA. Correlation analysis reveals that VAS scores, WOMAC pain scores, stiffness scores, and functional scores all show a positive correlation with IPFP EI. Synovial thickening also exhibits a positive correlation with IPFP EI. Ordered logistic regression analysis demonstrates that IPFP EI is an independent and significant predictor of KOA symptom severity. In summary, synovial thickening shows a significant correlation with IPFP’s EI. The stronger the echo of the IPFP, the more severe the clinical symptoms of KOA. This may offer a new perspective for ultrasound in assessing the severity of KOA patients.

fitness 22 hours ago

Polyphenol-rich extra-virgin olive oil influences bioenergetics and may modulate NLRP3 inflammasome in PBMCs from children and adolescents with obesity

Paediatric obesity is characterized by chronic inflammation and immunometabolic dysregulation. Extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO) polyphenols exert antioxidant and immunomodulatory effects that may counteract obesity-related alterations. A 12-week controlled nutritional intervention was conducted in 84 children and adolescents with obesity (BMI > 95th percentile), comparing a Mediterranean diet supplemented with either high-polyphenol EVOO (P-EVOO) or refined olive oil (R-OO). Anthropometric and biochemical parameters were evaluated at baseline and study completion. In peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) of a sub-cohort, bioenergetic analyses, gene expression related to mitochondrial biogenesis, antioxidant defence, and NLRP3 gene expression were assessed. Both groups exhibited significant reductions in BMI, waist circumference, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides and uric acid. A significant reduction in insulin resistance was observed exclusively in the P-EVOO group. In PBMCs, P-EVOO enhanced mitochondrial respiration and ATP production, associated with a metabolic shift toward oxidative phosphorylation. This was accompanied by increased mitochondrial biogenesis and activation of the Nrf2–SOD2 antioxidant axis. P-EVOO upregulated NLRP3, IL-1β, CASP8 and CASP1 gene expression, without IL-18 or GSDMD increase, suggesting a distinct expression pattern of alternative NLRP3 inflammasome-associated markers. These findings indicate that P-EVOO could ameliorate metabolic health and mitochondrial bioenergetics in paediatric obesity, promoting an oxidative immunometabolic phenotype potentially associated with controlled inflammasome transcriptional regulation.

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